Bullying And Its Effects On Children Essay - 1329 Words

Many people each and everyday deal with some type of bullying. There are two types of bullying, there is regular bullying (more of the physical side) and then there is Cyberbullying which affects people mentally and physically. â€Å"It can go on at home or back at school. Cyberbullying is seen more in children 12 and younger and in middle school† (Spectre, 2016). Some people don’t know what cyberbullying is, how it can impact a person’s life and how one can address the situation. Parents sometimes don’t know what to do when their child has been bullied or cyberbullied. I have seen it go on online and during school hours and it is hard trying to get the guts up to go tell someone. I am a victim of both types of bullying. Cyberbullying happens to everyone, doesn’t matter what time of day or day of the week. â€Å"More than 16,000 kids are absent from school because of some type of bullying† (Award, 2015). Bullying needs to stop now before it gets worse for all of us. What is Cyberbullying? Cyberbullying occurs when you get bullied with electronics; electronics like cell phones, computers, and tablets that could be used for bullying someone. This can also take place on social media, texting, and on many different websites. â€Å"There are many examples of cyberbullying like mean text messages, emails, rumors sent by emails or posted on social media, embarrassing pictures or videos posted online or making a fake profile to harass someone† (Services, 2016). When it comes to telling anShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Bullying on Children1344 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is believed to be a normal part of school life, however, when people begin to have this mentality, they forget that bullying is physically and psychologically harmful to both the bully and the victim, therefore, bullying must be eradicated from schools by raising awareness and increasing supervision. The act of bullying or the fear of being bullied underlies almost everything kids do these days. No longer can students leave the gossip and self-doubt at school and go home forRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bullying is considered to be aggressive behavior that is repeated or has the potential to be repeated, over a period of time. The actions of bullying can include spreading rumors, making threats, verbally or physically attacking someone, or purposely isolating someone from a group. As children attempt to make sense of traumatic events, new behavioral problems can stem from re-experienced occurrences. Some children affected may disassociate themselves from the situations and absorb themselvesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1476 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral decades, bullying has spread significantly. It has been present all over the world for as long as people can remember. And when technology was released, it created new ways for people to communicate, which made bullying become even worse than before. Adults, teenagers, and children that are all the same are being bullied. Bullying can take form in many different ways, as well as it can affect the victim, and people ar e also able to stop the behavior. THE TYPES OF BULLYING A bullying victim canRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1181 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is unwanted behavior that causes a child to feel isolated and alone. In order for an act to be considered bullying the act has to be, or be able to be repeated multiple times. Bullying can be done verbally by teasing, name-calling, taunting or inappropriate sexual comments directed at someone to purposefully upset them. Bullying can be done socially by isolating students on purpose, telling other students not to play with them, spreading rumors about students or attempting to embarrassRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leavingRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1366 Words   |  6 Pagescausing this behavior. Primary school is an especially tough time for our young ones. If educators are really looking to put an end to bullying, they have to attack it from the root of the problem (Linder-Altman). What a child is wearing will not get them bullied, it depends on the bully. Making uniforms mandatory in efforts to decrease bullying, only teaches our children that the only way to be accepted is by conforming which is not what we should be pushing for. It’s important to attack the problemRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1533 Words   |  7 PagesBullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leaving someone outRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children864 Words   |  4 PagesKerianna Rimmer Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Bullying has become a huge issue. It is occurring all across the world. There are a few different types of bullying, which I will be discussing. First, bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among children. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential of being repeated. Both kids who bully and are bullied may have serious, lasting problems. Bullying is a form of behavior in which someone repeatedly and intentionally causesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1990 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than 160,000 children miss school out of fear of being bullied, according to National Education Association estimates. Bullying takes many forms, ranging from the seemingly innocuous name-calling to the more harmful cyberbullying to severe physical violence. It happens everywhere, at all times to the most vulnerable of kids, especially those who are obese, gay or have a disability. And besides the physical, emotional and psychological tolls it imposes on victims, bullying produces adverse socioeconomicRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1144 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is found in elementary, middle, and high school all around the world. School bullying occurs at similar rates such as cultures, countries and educational settings. It can take many direct and indirect forms, like physical violence, name calling, taunting, teasing, horrible rumors, and social exclusion. Since the late 90’s, several school shootings committed by the victims of the school bullying have brought media attention to the issue. First, bullying depends upon imbalance of power,

`` For Native Americans, Land Is More Than Just The Ground...

Author Kelli Mosteller wrote â€Å" For Native Americans, Land Is More Than Just The Ground Beneath Their Feet, â€Å" and in the article she argues that keeping Native American land under Native American control will result in the prosperity of their culture. In this essay, I will examine the methods Mosteller uses to prove her argument and establish herself as a credible source. Different approaches may be used in order to convince every aspect of the reader and leave no room for doubt. Appealing to the readers logical, ethical, and emotional sides are included in the distinct approaches, as well as using a variety of argument types to present separate problems. I believe Mosteller does an appropriate job of using ethos, logos, and pathos to persuade her audience into agreeing that Native Americans are capable of flourishing without the presence of non-natives. The article is catered to an audience made up of people willing to take action towards implementing independent Native A merican societies without the interference of outside parties in order to preserve their ancestral culture, as Kelli Mosteller argues in favor of. The audience includes government officials, Native American activists, and any others for the advancement of Native American people. The author communicates her position through a web article on The Atlantic, a popular website for opinionated news articles. Mosteller’s objective is to convince the audience of her argument and establish herself as a credibleShow MoreRelatedComparing Cherokee And Lakota Creation Stories1721 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of the Cherokee and Lakota Creation Stories Joshua J. Vanderstigchel HIST223 History of the American Indian Tamrala Swafford American Military University 08 July 2017 A Comparison of the Cherokee and Sioux Creation Stories There are many cultures throughout the world, and each has its’ own creation story, and many of them are very similar; however the creation stories of the First Nations’ People are some of the most magical. These stories not only tell how the world wasRead MoreThe Birthplace Of A Nation1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthplace of a Nation Walking along an old dirt road that was once, in days gone by, a trade route used by Native Americans, my attention is drawn to a simple, little building in the middle of a peaceful field. I can hear the sweet mockingbird’s song, insects buzzing, the odd acorn falling from a tree and hitting the ground with a soft thud, and a gentle rustling of the leaves as the breeze blows through the magnolia trees. To imagine what took place here nearly two hundred years ago is trulyRead MoreEssay about California Missions – Monuments or Tombstones?1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthe land they walk on. Consequently, visitors to the missions treat them as mere tourist attractions, instead of trying to embrace and understand the complex issues the missions represent. The issue was brought sharply into focus for me recently, when I was in the cemetery of Mission Santa Barbara. It was a sunny afternoon and the tiny graveyard was crowded with people. I stood there and took in the scene around me. I saw children eating candy bars and dropping the wrappers on the ground. A groupRead MoreThe European Immigration And The New World1366 Words   |  6 PagesIn fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. So begins the European immigration to the New World. Native American people would be forever changed by these immigrants to their culture. The European immigrants were mostly Judeo Christians while the Native Americans had their own belief system. These two cultures each have creation stories that are somewhat similar and yet still different. Judeo Christian beliefs hold that, in the first chapter of Genesis, God created the worldRead MoreAnalysis of Brower vs. Dominy argument in Encounters with the Archdruid1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthe University of Wyoming in 1932 and, after an unsuccessful stint as a teacher, became a county agricultural agent for the federal government in Wyomings Gillette County. This was the time of the Great Depression and also a great drought in the American Midwest, which quickly garnered the name of the dust bowl. 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After six years of grueling work, millions of dollars spent, and many battles against Native Americans fought, sea to shining sea was finally connected by two ribbons of iron. The United States was transformed by the new railroad: Masses of immigrants flocked out to the newly connected territories in pursuit of better lives, towns cropped up overRead MoreGeology of Yellowstone Essay2754 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction It is believed that Native Americans inhabited the lands of what is now Yellowstone National Park for more than 11,000 years, until approximately 200 years ago, when European settlers began to drive many of them from their homelands. In 1872 Yellowstone was declared the world’s first national park as a way to preserve and protect the land for the â€Å"benefit and enjoyment of future generations.† (National Park Service) Yellowstone National Park covers a vast area in the NorthwesternRead More Asphyxiation1930 Words   |  8 Pagesthat night: two hikers found two dead bodies at Camper Creek on the West Coast Trail on the sixth of May 1998. The article didn’t say who the hikers were, nor did it say who the dead Native Americans were, for what would the world do with those four meaningless names? None of the four was famous, beautiful, or rich: just normal people drawn together on one particular night. The encounter was determined by two simple factors: the spe ed of the hikers along the soggy trail and the speed of leaking gasRead MoreNational Parks3567 Words   |  15 PagesYosemite National Park and The Grand Canyon. History and Definition A national park is a noun defined as a tract of land declared public property by a national government with a view to its preservation and development for purposes of recreation and culture. National parks are usually geographically located in places that have been largely undeveloped, and feature areas with native animals, plants, and endangered ecosystems. Once in a while a national park will be located in a developed area with

UK Post-War Welfare Settlements Free Essays

Compare and contrast the trends in the ‘settling’ ‘unsettling’ of the political, economic social settlements for the UK social policies relating to health care and social housing. (Approx 2 pages) Explain and illustrate the broad nature of the UK post-war welfare settlements (namely political, economic, social organizational) and their reconstruction in the 1980s and 1990s. In what ways has the discourse of management affected the above two areas of social policy (i. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Post-War Welfare Settlements or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. health care social housing). In the United Kingdom, after the destruction weathered by the British populace during World War II and the subsequent poverty weathered by so many of the British peoples, the argument for the right of universal public services or the creation of an all-encompassing welfare state became popular. The idea that all British citizens had the innate right to accessible roads and a clean and healthy environment was extended to education, social housing, and to health services. Even then, however, there was some disagreement within Parliament about extending such social welfare programs to all, namely that of â€Å"cost. Selectivity is often presented as being more efficient: less money is spent to better effect. There are problems with selective services,† because â€Å"recipients have to be identified, the services can be administratively complex and expensive to run, and there are often boundary problems caused by trying to include some people while excluding others. Selective services sometimes fail to reach people in need,† and to limit the elitism that had so often marked policies in the past, universalism was adopted as the ethos of all social policy programs in the United Kingdom. Thus, unlike the solidarity system of social policy adopted in France, which attempts to provide care via mutually shred social obligations, the United Kingdom created what could be called ‘unsettling’ challenge to its former institutional system of social welfare. It created a new system, one in which need was accepted as a normal part of all British citizens social live. (â€Å"Social Policy,† 2005) This guarantee of minimum standards included a minimum income for all Britans. (â€Å"The Welfare State, 2005) The United Kingdom became a unitary state in which central government substantially directed most government activities of social welfare policy, rather than leaving the enforcement of these policies to private industry. (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Welfare such as universal health care for all citizens was provided for the population as a whole, in the same way as public services like roads, and the school system was rendered more accessible to all, as students who distinguished themselves received government support for their educations. In an institutional system, welfare is not just for the poor: it is for everyone. † The Beveridge Report of 1942 proposed a system of National Insurance, based on three cornerstones, of equal family allowances, a national health service, and the goal of full employment-this created a new idea of natural human rights than had existed before in England, and settled the question of what constituted innate human rights for the next decades, until the event of Thatcherism in the 1980’s. (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Eventually, the Beveridge Report â€Å"became a major propaganda weapon, with both major parties committed to its introduction,† because of its popularity. During the war, the coalition government had already committed itself to full employment through free universal secondary education, and the introduction of family allowances, and the right to public housing for all in the form of such innovations council flats as part of the war effort, but unlike the United States social welfare policies during World War II, the British government made a commitment to retaining this philosophy and these formal institutions even after the end of conflict. â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) After World War II, all references to the working classes were removed from British laws. â€Å"The replacement of the housing stock, particularly through clearances, became council housing’s main role, with mass building. The subsidies favoured industrial, high-rise building, though this was often more expensive than the alternatives. Quantity was more important than quality. (Housing and Urban Policy,† 2005) When the Labour Government was elected in 1945 it introduced three key acts: the 1946 National Insurance Act, which implemented the Beveridge scheme for social security and old-age pensions, the National Health Service Act 1946; and the 1948 National Assistance Act, which abolished the Poor Law while making provision for welfare services such as housing. † (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Thus, the United Kingdom became a unitary state in which central government substantially directed most government activity. However, during the 1980’s and 1990’s, the rise of Thatcherism began to bring a new ethos to the land. In terms of social housing policy, for example, â€Å"the growth of owner-occupation in Britain† based on tax advantages became more common in the 1980s and 1990s. The Building Societie once founded on a social, co-operative and non-profit making basis, became banks during these decades, abandoning the original â€Å"mutualist tradition† on which they had been founded. â€Å"Housing and Urban Policy,† 2005) In terms of health care, in the 1980s, Enthoven, an American economist, made an influential criticism of National Health Services’ organization. Enthoven argued that the NHS was â€Å"inefficient, riddled with perverse incentives and resistance to change,† and in the need of capitalist styles of management. â€Å"The reforms which followed were based in the belief that the NHS would be more efficient if it was organised on something more like market principles. Enthoven argued for a split between purchaser and provider, so that Health Authorities could exercise more effective control over costs and production. The NHS administration was broken up into quasi-autonomous trusts from which authorities bought services. The role of Regional Health Authorities was taken over by eight regional offices of the NHS management executive. † (â€Å"Health Care,† 2005) The United Kingdom to this day retains the mangerial innovations (or setbacks) depending on one’s point of view of the Thatcher era. Thatcher was unable to institute some politically unpopular and reactionary ideas, such as a poll tax, during the decline of her power, but the privitization of health care and housing continued, as did such policies as asking for students to pay for more of their post-secondary educations, and limiting social welfare policies within the United Kingdom. The welfare system in the United Kingdom remains universalist in theory, but less and less universalist in practice after the ending decades of the 20th century required the government to make cutting costs and competing in the global marketplace the bywords of political rhetoric and policy. How to cite UK Post-War Welfare Settlements, Papers UK Post-War Welfare Settlements Free Essays Compare and contrast the trends in the ‘settling’ ‘unsettling’ of the political, economic social settlements for the UK social policies relating to health care and social housing. (Approx 2 pages) Explain and illustrate the broad nature of the UK post-war welfare settlements (namely political, economic, social organizational) and their reconstruction in the 1980s and 1990s. In what ways has the discourse of management affected the above two areas of social policy (i. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Post-War Welfare Settlements or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. health care social housing). In the United Kingdom, after the destruction weathered by the British populace during World War II and the subsequent poverty weathered by so many of the British peoples, the argument for the right of universal public services or the creation of an all-encompassing welfare state became popular. The idea that all British citizens had the innate right to accessible roads and a clean and healthy environment was extended to education, social housing, and to health services. Even then, however, there was some disagreement within Parliament about extending such social welfare programs to all, namely that of â€Å"cost. Selectivity is often presented as being more efficient: less money is spent to better effect. There are problems with selective services,† because â€Å"recipients have to be identified, the services can be administratively complex and expensive to run, and there are often boundary problems caused by trying to include some people while excluding others. Selective services sometimes fail to reach people in need,† and to limit the elitism that had so often marked policies in the past, universalism was adopted as the ethos of all social policy programs in the United Kingdom. â€Å"Social Policy,† 2005) Thus, unlike the solidarity system of social policy adopted in France, which attempts to provide care via mutually shred social obligations, the United Kingdom created what could be called ‘unsettling’ challenge to its former institutional system of social welfare. It created a new system, one in which need was accepted as a normal part of all British citizens social live. (â€Å"Social Policy,† 2005) This guarantee of minimum standards included a minimum income for all Britans. (â€Å"The Welfare State, 2005) The United Kingdom became a unitary state in which central government substantially directed most government activities of social welfare policy, rather than leaving the enforcement of these policies to private industry. (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Welfare such as universal health care for all citizens was provided for the population as a whole, in the same way as public services like roads, and the school system was rendered more accessible to all, as students who distinguished themselves received government support for their educations. In an institutional system, welfare is not just for the poor: it is for everyone. † The Beveridge Report of 1942 proposed a system of National Insurance, based on three cornerstones, of equal family allowances, a national health service, and the goal of full employment-this created a new idea of natural human rights than had existed before in England, and settled the question of what constituted innate human rights for the next decades, until the event of Thatcherism in the 1980’s. (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Eventually, the Beveridge Report â€Å"became a major propaganda weapon, with both major parties committed to its introduction,† because of its popularity. During the war, the coalition government had already committed itself to full employment through free universal secondary education, and the introduction of family allowances, and the right to public housing for all in the form of such innovations council flats as part of the war effort, but unlike the United States social welfare policies during World War II, the British government made a commitment to retaining this philosophy and these formal institutions even after the end of conflict. â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) After World War II, all references to the working classes were removed from British laws. â€Å"The replacement of the housing stock, particularly through clearances, became council housing’s main role, with mass building. The subsidies favoured industrial, high-rise building, though this was often more expensive than the alternatives. Quantity was more important than quality. (Housing and Urban Policy,† 2005) When the Labour Government was elected in 1945 it introduced three key acts: the 1946 National Insurance Act, which implemented the Beveridge scheme for social security and old-age pensions, the National Health Service Act 1946; and the 1948 National Assistance Act, which abolished the Poor Law while making provision for welfare services such as housing. † (â€Å"Social Policy in the United Kingdom,† 2005) Thus, the United Kingdom became a unitary state in which central government substantially directed most government activity. However, during the 1980’s and 1990’s, the rise of Thatcherism began to bring a new ethos to the land. In terms of social housing policy, for example, â€Å"the growth of owner-occupation in Britain† based on tax advantages became more common in the 1980s and 1990s. The Building Societie once founded on a social, co-operative and non-profit making basis, became banks during these decades, abandoning the original â€Å"mutualist tradition† on which they had been founded. In terms of health care, in the 1980s, Enthoven, an American economist, made an influential criticism of National Health Services’ organization. Enthoven argued that the NHS was â€Å"inefficient, riddled with perverse incentives and resistance to change,† and in the need of capitalist styles of management. â€Å"The reforms which followed were based in the belief that the NHS would be more efficient if it was organised on something more like market principles. Enthoven argued for a split between purchaser and provider, so that Health Authorities could exercise more effective control over costs and production. The NHS administration was broken up into quasi-autonomous trusts from which authorities bought services. The role of Regional Health Authorities was taken over by eight regional offices of the NHS management executive. † (â€Å"Health Care,† 2005) The United Kingdom to this day retains the mangerial innovations (or setbacks) depending on one’s point of view of the Thatcher era. Thatcher was unable to institute some politically unpopular and reactionary ideas, such as a poll tax, during the decline of her power, but the privitization of health care and housing continued, as did such policies as asking for students to pay for more of their post-secondary educations, and limiting social welfare policies within the United Kingdom. The welfare system in the United Kingdom remains universalist in theory, but less and less universalist in practice after the ending decades of the 20th century required the government to make cutting costs and competing in the global marketplace the bywords of political rhetoric and policy. How to cite UK Post-War Welfare Settlements, Essay examples

Amazon CRM Systems Case Study by Top Experts†Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAmazon CRM Systems Case Study. Answer: Introduction Amazon provides all kinds of products customer needs in one place and the purchase process on website is made easy by the company through features like one-click purchase and card storing for future purchases. Other benefits that add to the user experience on Amazon website include product recommendations based on buying patterns, giveaways, kindle services like Prime and library and so on. Such innovative features and ideas that are capable of capturing the audience attention and increase their retention on the website actually result from analysis of the CRM data. In the background, Amazon uses a very high end advanced CRM system that captures customer data including their personal details and previous purchases so that their experience can be tailored to their preferences to engage them on website. This paper explores how Amazon makes use of the CRM system to formulate marketing strategies and how the customers are affected by these. Based on the study certain general recommendations can be made for any organization for the successful usage of CRM for increasing user engagement and retention in a business. Amazon CRM system takes care of some key functions in an organization including customer support, marketing, executive information, ERP integration, data synchronization, sales management and time management. CRM Functions Deliverables Support systems Incident management; problem management, order management; contract management, dispatching; real time information transfer Marketing Campaign management; opportunity management; market segmentation; lead generation and tracking ERP integration Web data sources; 3rd party information data synchronization Mobile synchronization; synchronization with company database and application servers time management Scheduling; emailing Sales management Contact management; account management; order management; forecasting; sales cycle analysis; territory alignment; reporting Company Background Jeff Bezos found Amazon.com in 1995 with a vision to build a virtual book store at start. Initially, Amazon sold books directly and by 2000, it became a platform for reseller of different products. Now Amazon.com provides platform to four types of customers including sellers, content creators, organizations and individual customers. It now provides many more services in addition to the bookstore that include music, video products, games and other products are sold on the portal by resellers (Celep, et al., 2013). Amazon Operations Amazon uses an interactive technology on its website such that whenever a user comes online, a direct marketing principle is used for recognition of the customer through the information saved in cookies of the user machine. Based on this data, Amazon customizes recommendations for users using calculations done on sophisticated statistical software running in the background. Every product listed on the website carries information about the category they belong to and when this information is matched with data found in cookies, automatic recommendations can be made by the software tool such that customers are provided recommendations based on his or her interests. Besides this, customers also receive communication from Amazon through emails including purchase recommendations tailored to their personal characteristics or information. Amazon also allows customers purchasing from their website to put reviews on products which allow users to interact with each other. Amazon also gives spec ial rewards to customers who provide valuable reviews. Amazon was one of the first retailers to adopt data efficiency and highest level of customer services through optimization of product information on the portal pages. This information included product details, inventory status, price comparisons, delivery and payment options, promotional offers, fulfilment options, user reviews, cross-selling products, and more. All this information was provided through a single user interface that helped buyers take informed decisions. Amazon systems analyze the transaction details of customers and their product search histories to come up with personalized and optimized sales pages. Amazon uses Customer Relationship Management techniques for managing their customer expectations(CDW, 2009) Amazon Information System Initially Amazon has been using separate systems for order fulfilment and website management but in the year 2000, Amazon invested $200 million to develop a new comprehensive system which included Epiphany analysis software, manugistics logistics solution, Oracle DBMS and Excelon B2B integration system. Amazon had its own cloud solution called Amazon Web Service (AWS) which it used for managing information about its customers and products. It also builds a SAS (Smart Analysis Search) for tracking the frauds in the ecommerce space which works through analysis of the patterns of the user behaviour they display. This makes it possible for the organization to measure customer usage patterns and personalize their experience for providing better services. Amazon runs its operations over a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based decentralized information system that is both robust and scalable. The information system of Amazon includes: Transaction Processing System: For ordering products, Amazon makes a visitor create an account on the website which starts the process of collection of the customer data. Based on this data, a personalized experience in provide while using features like shipping cart, wish list, and single click ordering are used. Moreover, the CRM data is also utilized for promotional purposes in which email communications are send to customers. Registered users can also store their payment and credit card details to later use for fast purchases reducing the time lag between the intension to purchase and checkout and thus increasing the probability of a purchase and reducing probability of change of decision. Recommendation System: Based on the behaviour of a consumer over the website including their search and purchase patters, a recommender system, which involves linking and data mining procedures, is triggered which comes up with product purchase recommendations. For instance, in case a person is buying a fiction book, the recommender system would through recommendations on related books. This makes Amazon appear like an interactive platform and increases customer engagement and satisfaction from experience. Supply Chain Management: Amazon runs an automated warehousing and supply chain management system which is linked with the CRM system. Enterprise Resource planning: Oracle ERP systems are used by Amazon for storing customer and other organization related data. This system allows execution of an automated order management process in which the system searches for nearest distribution centre, the moment a product is ordered by a customer and triggers the logistics processes for distribution. Because of automation in order processing system, human errors are avoided and these least instances of wrong deliveries or other order related issues. Customer Relationship Management: The CRM system maintains a database in which a huge amount of data about customers and their usage patterns is stored including payment card details, transaction records and histories, order histories, personal profile, browsing history, customer feedback, wish list, product reviews, . Order processing systems makes use of the transaction records stored in the CRM databases to process orders and execute triggers delivery applications for initiating shipment. Further, the CRM data is also used for triggering automatic communication with customers through email or direct messages. Customer services, sales systems and communication management systems are integrated through this CRM system which is used by the three as a common database to work with. CRM Strategy CRM is not just about the implementation of a technological solution but also about developing strategic relationships and analyzing CRM data to understand customers. Amazon uses a 10 step CRM strategy that includes following steps: Investment: Amazon makes investments into its operations based on the value created for customers. It has invested $200 million to build its CRM system and also uses other technologies that are integrated with the system including warehousing systems, order processing, ERP, recommender system and more. Relationship: The customer relationships are optimized by Amazon in various ways. Reputation: While creating marketing messages, Amazon appropriately communicates its value and positioning Relevance: Every customer community is provided services in appropriate ways. The recommender system makes use of the CRM data to come up purchase recommendations having list of products that are most relevant for a specific customer profile. Values: A value that is enduring is created for customers of Amazon. The CRM system of Amazon works on three main ideas for value creation that include limitless inventory, high margin at lowest price and excellent customer care. Touchpoints: Relationships between different kinds of consumer touchpoints are identified and managed by employees of the organization. The company uses various touchpoints to connect with the customers including cart, emails, checkout, mobile application, social media, call centre, registration, search and so on . For instance, an area containing cart and surrounding area is called as a ready to buy area by Amazon as it is the point at which the customer is ready for a purchase. At this point Amazon communicates with the customers through some assurance messages like You can always cancel, additional purchase options and other information such as related products, other products, bundled offers, delivery details and so on. Imagination: Imagination is used to provide a unique customer experience. Promotions offers like Best Buy, Todays deals, lightening deals, Amazon Prime and more are able to help retain customers on website. Learning: Amazon captures data about consumers and analysis the same to learn something useful for the company from customers. For instance, Amazon allows users to add items they like to purchase in future in their wish lists that helps company understand the interests of users. This information can be used while doing direct marketing such that customers about communicated about offers based on their interests in various products (IMRAN, 2014). Technology: Amazon uses sophisticated technology for managing CRM. On the first entry on the website, featured products are the first to see but after a registration already happens, subsequent visits are responses by messages coming from recommender system based on the customer interest and understanding of personality. Stakeholders: While managing CRM, key stakeholders who can be affected are also considered(Jenkinson Sain, 2005). When Amazon gets reviews from customers on various books sold over the platform, the same is also shared with its other shareholders including authors and publishers which can help the organization to make more profits(Dalfard, et al., 2012). Amazon Loyalty Model Amazon runs a loyalty program which delivers additional benefits to its customers through a Prime membership. On the website, A Prime Explainer page in maintained that clearly communicates the benefits those customers would receive from the membership. These benefits are decided on the basis of mapping done between customer preferences and Amazons capabilities. Some of these benefits include free two day shipping which is the most preferred speed at which customers would like to receive their products. Amazon also provides some add on services to its customers through third parties like Apple Music and Netflix. With the loyalty schemes running on Amazon, many of the first time purchasers come back for a repurchase and the investment that the company has to make for repeat customers is lesser. For instance, for book purchasers, the average earning for Amazon is $50 per book for first time purchase and $40 per visit after that(Srivastava, 2001). The loyalty program is build by anticipating the needs of customers, stimulating the same and providing them assistance in searching for the items they needs. Amazon also provides them information on products and recommendations on the basis of their search so that they can evaluate product and takes a decision on purchase. Once a customer goes in to purchase area, the assurance messages and additional information is also provided as the system us optimized. Post purchase, Amazon had additional offers and communication for engaging them. For running the loyalty scheme, Amazon makes use of several strategies such as: A 0.16 cents system on Amazon.com in which customers are returned with a cash back of 0.16 cents if the price of an item falls after making a purchase. The amount promised is very small for Amazon but it does create a feeling of having integrity in the customer bringing in more loyalty. Amazon Prime targets the customer pain points and solves them in the membership program by adding them as benefits such as free shipping, lower priced items, and free kindle books and so on. Amazon is likely to face fierce competition from other ecommerce players such as EBay and Flipkart and thus, the company should keep monitoring their competitive strategies and respond to them to stay ahead in the competition. This would include an understanding of how competition is responding to marketing strategies adopted by Amazon as they may also affect the position of the company. For instance, in response to the reading library feature of Amazon, Flipkart also came up with a books library. Offer zone has become a common functionality now for most nig ecommerce retailers. Conclusions Recommendations The paper explored the case study of Amazon and made an attempt to understand how they use their CRM systems for managing customers. It was found that the company uses a highly sophisticated CRM system which is integrated with its other information systems including ERP, Order Processing system, and Warehousing system. It also runs a recommender system in which the data about registered customers is used to understand their preferences to make recommendations on products that have highest possibility to making a sale for specific customer as the recommendations are personalized. The CRM data is also used for the purpose of marketing and direct promotion such that based on the customer buying and search patterns on the website, customized communication is sent to them over emails. Based on the study, certain recommendations can be made for Amazon to improve its CRM systems and processes such as: Improving customer loyalty: Customers feel satisfied when they get what is expected but when they receive more than that then they become loyal. Based on the consumer buying patterns and understanding of their interest and preferences, Amazon can come up with special offers or other forms of benefits that can help them improve customer loyalty. Free Shipment: Free shipment is something all customers look for when purchasing a product online but Amazon does not provide free shipping on every product and thus, if the company could increase the number of products that get free shipping then it can encourage customers more into buying. Often for products that are low priced, shipping charges can actually discourage customers. For instance, if Amazon comes up with a 60% sale on books and as a result, a book price is brought down to only Rs. 90 then if there is 50 of delivery charges then the book purchase or sale would not make much benefit for the customer and thus, a customer may choose to leave the deal. Improve Prime Service: The membership is focused on getting more purchases from regular users as the benefits are tailored for them. This can bring in more loyalty from customers who are frequent purchasers but does not take into account the occasional customers. The membership is paid after a month which would further discourage occasional customers to get into Prime. Prime can be made more engaging even for these occasional customers such that they can be turned into regular purchasers. 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